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well thank you for staying right through

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the almost end of the conference I want

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to talk about homeopathy because to me

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as a biologist although I'm actually not

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going to talk about biology in this

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lecture here and homeopathy is one of

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the big anomalies of the of the century

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and and it's a it's an interesting

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phenomena because like the previous

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speaker it doesn't really involve the

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chemistry and it involves more some kind

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of an energy assumedly that's stored in

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the water so that's what I'm going to

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talk about overall conceptually and I

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wanted to start I don't have to look up

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there you look up there I'm looking here

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no reg about just like some of the basic

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principles of homeopathy for people who

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may not be familiar with the the details

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obviously it implies and involves some

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kind of a long term if not permanent

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storage of information in water

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homeopathic remedies once they're made

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last years if not months and they're

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they many of them are diluted to the

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point where the beyond Avogadro's number

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so that there are no physical chemical

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molecules present that process is called

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potentially is a potential potent

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cessation I can't even pronounce it

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which is a series of succussion and

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serial dilution succussion is just

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literally banging the sample on a book

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traditionally some even succuss on a

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Bible because you know the there's a

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book and there's a book but the the

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process is mechanical and and does

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involve a person although some remedies

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are made with a machine and rumor has it

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they do not work as well as remedies

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that have been succuss by hand

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homeopathy needs to be distinguished

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with another phenomena called ultra low

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dilution pharmacology if you will where

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traditional scientists have observed

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that biological systems respond to very

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very low concentrations of chemicals not

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beyond Avogadro's number but on the

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order maybe 10 to the minus 12

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atena minus 11 molar which is in

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biological terms you know way below any

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known mechanism to occur

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so they're both anomalies but but

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homeopathy is a particular interest

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because there really are no chemicals

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present at all and one of the bizarre

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anomalies about homeopathy is that the

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more diluted the solution the more

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potent it is in terms of biological

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effect and the other bizarre really

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bizarre phenomena is that the

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homeopathic LED if you start with

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physical led homeopathic LED for example

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has the opposite effect of LED on the

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body so it's some kind of an inverse

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space where you know we bring it to the

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whole concept tillers theory of inverse

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space as having opposite properties in

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our ordinary space-time reality most of

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the scientists who study this area

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believe that some kind of solvent change

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is involved because there are no

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physical solute molecules present there

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must be some kind of a permanent change

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in the solute I'll talk about that a bit

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later and another interesting phenomena

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is that when you measure these solvent

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changes as a function of dilution you

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get very non-linear effects so if you

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measure the structuring of the water you

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sometimes you get oscillatory phenomena

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this is as a function of dilution

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sometimes it goes up sometimes it goes

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down and the other last interesting

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important point is that when you take

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these structural changes and you measure

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them in a remedy they vary from day to

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day

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they vary from pharmacy to pharmacy so

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you know one wonders why homeopathy is

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even reproducible and why I mean why can

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even get any effects in the in the

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scientific literature because if one

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remedy is different from the next remedy

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how would you ever expect to get

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reproducible effects which is part of

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the problem in homeopathy and one of the

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reasons it's not been accepted

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despite that limitation there are still

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very many numerous double-blind clinical

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trials there are many articles that have

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been published in peer review journals

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meta analyses and all that stuff so

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there is a lot of hard scientific

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evidence these experiments have been

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done in vitro they've been done in with

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animals they've been done with humans

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and I personally believe that the reason

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that they have not been as reproducible

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as we might like is partly because we

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really don't know how to make a

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homeopathic remedy and partly because in

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most of these studies they use a

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standard homeopathic remedy for a

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standard disease they don't

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individualize the treatments for the

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specific subject and real homeopathy

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designed a specific remedy or a series

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of remedies in accordance with the

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symptoms of the patient and when and

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most scientists who study the phenomena

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will just say well okay we're going to

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treat cancer or whatever and here's the

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state or we want to treat AIDS so we

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want to take homeopathic remedies that

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are known to enhance the immune system

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okay but you can't just arbitrarily take

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a single or even a blend of remedies

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like that and expect them to work across

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the full spectrum so having said all

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that it is homeopathy is still an

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anomaly so let's look a little bit at

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the solvent properties and but here's a

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demonstration of what typically happens

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in water when you have a solute which

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would be the little X positively charged

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boy I can't see that I guess you can I'm

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calling

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there which would be a solute molecule

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in this case with a positive charge so

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the negative parts of the water molecule

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will be attracted to it and then you end

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up with all these little water molecules

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clustering around the solute molecule

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well that phenomena is called hydration

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and that's well known and understood in

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in the physical chemistry of water and

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solute solvent interactions of course

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the problem in homeopathy is that that

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little molecule in the middle is no

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longer there so can the hydration

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structure remain after the molecule is

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removed and you know the standard

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physics here is that there are

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electrostatic interactions that hold the

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individual water molecules together and

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that is what maintains the stability of

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these structures now the problem is that

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these structures form and reform and

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over you know fractions of a second so

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whatever information might be stored in

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the middle rather than a chemical

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structure it dissipates and then the

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information dissolves and then it

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reforms again so this particular theory

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about what's going on in homeopathy I

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believe is not really accurate to

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describe how long-term information can

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be stored in water now water itself is

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particularly an anomalous and this is

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nothing to do with homeopathy just

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initially just water itself I mean water

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has a very very high dielectric constant

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and from all other liquids and of course

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it's a good thing because water

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surrounds all biomolecules and bio

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molecules and cells have a very strong

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particularly cells have a very strong

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electric field of course the cell

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membrane so we need a solvent around the

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molecule the surface of the membrane

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that would be compatible with such a

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strong electric field but the more

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common familiar anomalous properties of

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water are examples of the fact that it

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when it is in a solid state it has a

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high density yet it floats and this is a

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kind of a typical anomaly that we're all

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familiar with but other anomalies occur

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within the actual structure of water

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where it's known that I mean water is

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considered to be bulk liquid water and

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there are known ice like liquid crystal

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entities that occur within the bulk and

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that's kind of bizarre because it

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doesn't occur in other liquids water

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tends to flow in spirals and of course

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the main phenomena that we're talking

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about here is is water memory and what a

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memory and although it's an anomaly and

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not really accepted by mainstream

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science what a memory associated with

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hydration and salvation is reported in

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the scientific literature and known to

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exist as a phenomena but when it comes

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to in information and energy stored in

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water that then we really get into

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never-never land so I now here I want to

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distinguish between water sorry

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homeopathic remedies made with chemicals

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and those made with electricity or

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magnetism and and Hahnemann himself was

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the first person to realize that you

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could make a homeopathic remedy not

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starting from a chemical but starting

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with a electric field and they were

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called electric heaters and magnet